原文:http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=14464
1
Global Power and Global Government:
Evolution and Revolution of the Central Banking System
Part 1 by Andrew Gavin Marshall |
中央銀行制度の発展と改革 |
Introduction Humanity is
on the verge of entering into the most tumultuous period in our history.
The prospects of a global depression, the likes of which have never been
seen before; a truly global war, on a scale never before imagined; and
societal collapse, for which nations of the world are building
totalitarian police states to control populations; are increasing by the
day. The major global trend forecasters are sounding the alarms on
economic depression, war, a return to fascism and a total reorganization
of society. Through crisis, we are seeing the
reorganization of the global political economy, and the transformation of
capitalism into a totalitarian capitalist world government. Capitalism has
never stayed the same through its history; it has always changed and will
continue to do so. Its changes are explained and analyzed through
political-economic theory, both mainstream theory and critical. The
changes are undertaken over years, decades and centuries. The next phase
of capitalism is one in which the world moves to a state-controlled
economic system, much like
|
前書き 人類は我々の歴史において最も騒然とした期間に突入する寸前にある。 グローバルな不況、かつて見られなかったような話、かつて想像されなかったようなスケールでの本当にグローバルな戦争、世界中の国々が国民をコントロールするために全体主義的な警察国家にならんとするような社会の崩壊と云った見通しが、日増しに強まっている。 多数のグローバルトレンド予測家達が、経済不況、戦争、ファシズムへの回帰、および社会の全体的な再編成についての警鐘を鳴らしている。 危機を通して、我々はグローバルな政治経済の再編成、および資本主義の全体主義資本主義世界政府への変身を見ているところである。 資本主義はその歴史を通してずっと同じであった訳ではない。いつも変わっていたし、これからも変わり続けるであろう。 その変化は、政治的経済的学説、主流だけではなく批判的学説にも基づいて、分析・説明されている。 その変化は、何年、何十年、何世紀にも亘って生じている。 資本主義は、次のフェイズでは、ほとんど中国並に、国家が統制する全体主義的資本主義の経済システムに移行する。
|
Why
Study Theory?
|
|
Mercantilism
|
商業主義
|
Central Banking
In time they
brought into their financial network the provincial banking centers,
organized as commercial banks and savings banks, as well as insurance
companies, to form all of these into a single financial system on an
international scale which manipulated the quantity and flow of money so
that they were able to influence, if not control, governments on one side
and industries on the other.[12] |
中央銀行業
やがて、彼らは、保険会社だけではなく、商業銀行や貯蓄銀行から成る地方の銀行業の中核を金融ネットワークで結び、国際的なスケールでの単一の金融システムを構築した。そして、お金の量や流れを操作し、片側で政府をまた他の側では産業を、コントロールしないとしても、少なくとも影響力を行使することができた。[12]
|
|
|
The
Emergence of Marxism
Diverging
From Marx M --> L --> I --> M1 --> LID --> DB M = Money L = Loan I = Interest M1 = New Money LID = new money Loaned to debtor to pay Interest on Debt DB = debtor falls into Debt Bondage; owned by creditor
Accumulation by Dispossession
|
マルクス主義の出現
M --> L --> I --> M1 --> LID --> DB M = お金 L = 借金 I = 利子 M1 = 新しいお金 LID = 負債に対する利子支払いのために債務者に融資される新しいお金 DB = 債務者は負債に徹底的に束縛され、債権者の奴隷となる
|
The Communist
Manifesto
|
共産党宣言
|
Retaking
The money powers prey on the nation in times of peace and conspire against it in times of adversity. The banking powers are more despotic than monarchy, more insolent than autocracy, more selfish than bureaucracy. They denounce as public enemies all who question their methods or throw light upon their crimes. I have two
great enemies, the Southern Army in front of me, and the bankers in the
rear. Of the two, the one at my rear is my greatest foe. As a most
undesirable consequence of the war, corporations have been enthroned, and
an era of corruption in high places will follow. The money power will
endeavor to prolong its reign by working upon the prejudices of the people
until the wealth is aggregated in the hands of a few, and the Republic is
destroyed.[25]
Throughout much of the 1800s and into the 1900s, the
The crisis
was built into a system which was chaotic in its nature, in which only the
very rich were secure. It was a system of periodic crises – 1837, 1857,
1873 (and later: 1893, 1907, 1919, 1929) – that wiped out small businesses
and brought cold, hunger, and death to working people while the fortunes
of the Astors, Vanderbilts, Rockefellers, Morgans, kept growing through
war and peace, crisis and recovery. During the 1873 crisis, Carnegie was
capturing the steel market, Rockefeller was wiping out his competitors in
oil.[26]
|
アメリカの奪回
通貨支配権は平時には国民を餌食にし、逆境の時代には国民に陰謀を企てる。銀行権力は君主政体よりも独裁的で、独裁政治よりも横柄で、官僚制度よりも自己本位である。 彼らは、彼らの方法に疑いをかけ、彼らの犯罪に光を投げかける全ての人々を公共の敵として非難する。 私には、二つの強敵、すなわち前面の南軍と背後の銀行家がいる。その二つのうち、背後のものが私の最大の敵である。 最も望ましくない戦争の結末は、法人が王座を占めることである。そうなったら、高い地位での不正行為の時代がその後に続くであろう。通貨権力は、富が一握りの人々に凝集し、共和国が破壊されるまで、人々の先入観に働きかけることによって、その統治を延長しようと努めるであろう。[25] 1800年代のほとんどを通して、および1900年代になってからを含めて、合衆国は数回の経済的危機で苦しんだが、その最大の危機は1873年の大恐慌である。ハワード・ジンが説明しているように:
危機は混沌とした性質を持つシステムに組み込まれていて、その中では非常に裕福な人々だけが安全であった。周期的な危機―1837年、1857年、1873年(そしてその後、1893年、1907年、1919年、1929年)―のシステムであり、それによって小さな会社は投げ倒され、労働者達には寒さ、空腹、および死がもたらされた。一方、アスター家、バンダービルト家、ロックフェラー家、モルガン家といった大富豪は、戦時中も平時も、危機時も回復時も一貫して成長し続けた。 1873年の危機の間に、カーネギーは鋼市場を我が物とし、ロックフェラーは石油業界での競合他社を一掃した。[26]
|
Notes
[1] George T.
Crane, Abla Amawi, The Theoretical evolution of international political economy.
Oxford University Press
[2] George T.
Crane, Abla Amawi, The Theoretical evolution of international political economy.
Oxford University Press
[3] John Kenneth Galbraith, Money: Whence it Came, Where it Went (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1975), 31
[4] Donald Kagan, et. al., The Western Heritage. Volume C: Since 1789: Ninth edition: (Pearson Prentice Hall: 2007), 596
[5] Curtis B. Dall, F.D.R. : My Exploited Father-in-Law. (Institute for Historical Review: 1982), 172
[6] Carroll Quigley, Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time (New York: Macmillan Company, 1966), 515
Robert Elgie and Helen Thompson, ed., The Politics of Central Banks (New York: Routledge, 1998), 97-98
[7] Carroll Quigley, Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time (New York: Macmillan Company, 1966), 516
[8] Robert Elgie and Helen Thompson, ed., The Politics of Central Banks (New York: Routledge, 1998), 98-99
[9] Carroll Quigley, Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time (New York: Macmillan Company, 1966), 516
[10] Sylvia Nasar, Masters of the Universe. The New York Times: January 23, 2000: http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E3D6123AF930A15752C0A9669C8B63
BBC News. The Family That Bankrolled
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/389053.stm
[11] New Scientist.
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg15520913.300-waterloo-windfall.html
BBC News. The Making of a Dynasty: The Rothschilds. BBC News: January 28, 1998
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50997.stm
[12] Carroll Quigley, Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time (New York: Macmillan Company, 1966), 51
[13] Adam Smith, The Wealth of
Nations.
[14] Adam Smith, An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. Regnery Gateway, 1998: page 152
[15] Adam Smith, An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. Regnery Gateway, 1998: pages 166-167
[16] Patricia Goldstone, Aaronsohn's Maps: The Untold Story of the Man who Might Have Created Peace in the Middle East. (Harcourt Trade, 2007), 29-30
[17] Patricia Goldstone, Aaronsohn's Maps: The Untold Story of the Man who Might Have Created Peace in the Middle East. (Harcourt Trade, 2007), 31
[18] Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Philip Gasper (ed.), The Communist manifesto: a road map to history's most important political document. Haymarket Books, 2005: pages 70-71
[19] Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Philip Gasper (ed.), The Communist manifesto: a road map to history's most important political document. Haymarket Books, 2005: page 67
[20] Howard Zinn, A People’s
History of the United States. Harper Perennial:
[21] Michael Waldman, My
Fellow Americans: The Most Important Speeches of
[22] Dr. Ellen Brown, Today We're All Irish: Debt Serfdom Comes to America. Global Research: March 15, 2008: http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticle&code=BRO20080315&articleId=8349
[23] Howard Zinn, A People’s
History of the United States. Harper Perennial:
[24] Howard Zinn, A People’s
History of the United States. Harper Perennial:
[25] Steve Bachman, Unheralded Warnings from the Founding Fathers to You. Gather: June 19, 2007: http://www.gather.com/viewArticle.jsp?articleId=281474977031677
[26] Howard Zinn, A People’s
History of the United States. Harper Perennial:
[27] Howard Zinn, A People’s
History of the United States. Harper Perennial:
[28] Carroll Quigley, Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1966), 130
[29] Niall Ferguson, Empire:
The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power
(
[30] Niall Ferguson, Empire:
The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power
(
[31] Niall Ferguson, Empire:
The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power
(
[32] Carroll Quigley, The Anglo-American Establishment. GSG & Associates, 1981: page 3
[33] Carroll Quigley, The Anglo-American Establishment. GSG & Associates, 1981: page 33
[34] Carroll Quigley, The Anglo-American Establishment. GSG & Associates, 1981: page 34
[35]
[36] William Greider, Secrets
of the
[37] William Greider, Secrets
of the
[38] William Greider, Secrets
of the
[39] William Engdahl, A
Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and the New World Order. (